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Diorhabda carinata
''Diorhabda carinata'' is a species of leaf beetle known as the larger tamarisk beetle (larger tamarisk beetle) which feeds on tamarisk trees from Ukraine, eastern Turkey and Syria east to northwest China, Kyrgyzstan and Pakistan, extending as far south as southern Iran. It is used in North America as a biological pest control agent against saltcedar or tamarisk (''Tamarix'' spp.), an invasive species in arid and semi-arid ecosystems (where the larger tamarisk beetle and its closely related sibling species also may be less accurately referred to as the 'saltcedar beetle', 'saltcedar leaf beetle', 'salt cedar leaf beetle', or 'tamarisk leaf beetle').〔Tracy, J. L.; Robbins, T. O. 2009: (Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the ''Tamarix''-feeding ''Diorhabda elongata'' (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk. ) ''Zootaxa'', 2101: 1-152. (PDF)〕
== Taxonomy ==
The larger tamarisk beetle was first described from the Transcaucasus (Georgia and Azerbaijan) as ''Galeruca carinata'' Faldermann, 1837.〔 Reiche and Saulcy placed ''G. carinata'' as a junior synonym to the sibling species ''G. elongata'' Brullé (the Mediterranean tamarisk beetle, ''Diorhabda elongata'').〔Reiche, L.; Saulcy, F. 1858: Espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de Colèoptères, recueillies par M.F. de Saulcy, member de l’Institute, dans son voyage en Orient, et dècrites par M. M. L. Reiche et Fèlicien de Saulcy. ''Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Sér.'', 3, 6: 5–60. (In French)〕 Weise created the genus ''Diorhabda'' in 1893 and proposed the color variant ''Diorhaba elongata'' var. ''carinata'' (Faldermann),〔Weise, J. 1893: Chrysomelidae. In: W. Erichson (ed.), ''Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschland'', 61 (73): 961–1161. (In German)〕 and he also placed the sibling species ''Galeruca carinulata'' Desbrochers (the northern tamarisk beetle, ''Diorhabda carinulata'') as a junior synonym of this variant. Bechyné (1961) proposed the subspecies ''D. e. carinata'' listing specimens from Afghanistan.〔Bechyné, J. 1961: Ergebnisse der Deutschen Afghanistan–Expedition 1956: Chrysomelidae, Galerucidae und Alticidae. ''Beiträge zur Naturkunde Forschung Südwestdeutschland, Karlsruhe'', 19 (3): 255–257. (In German)〕 Berti and Rapilly (1973) recognized ''D. carinata'' and ''D. carinulata'' as separate species from one another, and, by implication, as separate species from ''D. elongata'', based on detailed morphology of the endophallus of the male genitalia.〔Berti, N.; Rapilly, M. 1973: Contribution a la faune de l’Iran; Voyages de MM. R. Naviaux et M. Rapilly (Col. Chrysomelidae). ''Annales de la Société Entomologique de France'', 9 (4): 861–894. (In French)〕 Tracy and Robbins (2009)〔 confirmed the 1973 findings of Berti and Rapilly,〔 further characterized the male and female genitalia of ''D. carinata'', and provided illustrated taxonomic keys separating the larger tamarisk beetle from the four other sibling species of the ''D. elongata'' (Brullé) species group: ''Diorhabda elongata'', ''Diorhabda sublineata'' (Lucas), ''Diorhabda carinulata'', and ''Diorhabda meridionalis'' Berti and Rapilly. In literature prior to 2009, ''D. carinata'' was usually also referred to as ''D. elongata'', or subspecies of ''D. elongata''.
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